U.S. Relies on Brazil for Eggs Amid Avian Flu Crisis, Explores Regulatory Shifts

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The United States has sharply increased egg imports from Brazil to combat shortages caused by avian influenza outbreaks, while considering controversial policy changes to stabilize prices.

Brazilian egg exports to the U.S. surged 93.4% year-over-year in February 2025, reaching 503 tons, as the U.S. relaxed restrictions to allow Brazilian eggs in processed human foods like cake mixes and salad dressings.

Brazil’s Growing Role

Brazilian egg exports, previously limited to pet food, now serve U.S. food manufacturers after regulatory changes took effect in January.

While exports remain a small fraction of Brazil’s production—less than 1% of its 59 billion eggs projected for 2025—shipments are expected to hit 30,000–35,000 tons this year, nearly double 2024 levels.

The U.S. is now Brazil’s second-largest egg buyer, trailing the UAE.

U.S. Policy Shifts

The Trump administration is pursuing a $1 billion relief package to address egg shortages, including expanded imports from Brazil, Turkey, and South Korea. Key proposals include:

• Broiler chicken eggs: The FDA is under pressure to permit eggs from meat chickens (currently discarded due to refrigeration rules) for food products.

• Relaxed animal welfare laws: States like Nevada and Arizona are reconsidering cage-free mandates to boost supply.

Controversies and Challenges

Food safety experts warn that using broiler eggs could increase contamination risks if refrigeration protocols are relaxed.

Meanwhile, the Justice Department is investigating potential price-fixing amid a 53.6% wholesale egg price spike in February.

Global Context

Brazil’s export surge reflects broader trade adjustments. Mexico and Japan also increased imports, with Japan’s purchases rising 111.3%.

However, the U.S. remains a critical market, driven by the culling of 170 million poultry birds since 2022.

As the avian flu crisis persists, the U.S. faces a balancing act between stabilizing food prices and safeguarding public health—a challenge likely to shape agricultural policies for months to come.